Can't ping by hostname of CentOS running on VM from Windows, but can from Mac

"You need to ensure that Samba, the Linux implementation of Windows' networky stuff, is properly configured and running.

Can you check whether nmbd (part of Samba) is running on the CentOS machine?

In a terminal, the command ps -A will give you a list of running processes.

Also have a look at /etc/samba/smb.conf to make sure it all looks sensible.

Here is a page about setting up name resolution in a mixed environment."

Windows and Linux operating systems work differently with regards to DNS. With DHCP I believe Windows uses WINS and will not recognize the new Linux node. You can add it to your hosts file on Windows if you want or add the IPs to DNS. Also are you sure the machines are on the same subnet? Give nslookupa try.